Flashlight dark sheep eyes skin#
Flashlight dark sheep eyes code#

TRP-2 autoantibodies may immunoreact with either TRP-2 or TYR as cross antigens, forming a solid foundation for research on the mechanism and treatment of vitiligo.

Flashlight dark sheep eyes skin#

In humans, TRP-2 is a cytoplasmic antigen expressed in skin melanocytes and melanoma cells and is associated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. TRP-2 also controls the proportion of DHICA and 5,6-dihydroxyindole in melanocytes, which are important proteins that regulate animal coat color.Ĭurrent studies of TRP-2 focus on humans, mice, and rabbits. Of the relevant members of the family, TRP-2 directly participates in the regulation of melanin production and melanocyte growth, survival and function ( 11). Dopa red pigment compounds may be isomerized to the colorless eumelanin medium, 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), by TRP-2, and hence, TRP-2 has been named dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) ( 10).

Valverde et al ( 9) demonstrated that the molecular weight of TRP-2 is 75 kDa. The TRP-2 carboxyl-terminal and membrane structure domain serve a key role in melanosome production ( 8).

Flashlight dark sheep eyes code#

All of the eight exons code for the TRP-2 protein ( 7). TRP-2 contains at least eight exons and seven introns, and has a gene length of 60 kb. For certain diseases, including albinism and vitiligo, TRP-2 exhibits important research significance ( 6). In animals with woolly coats, TRP-2 may serve an important role in the early stages of TYR catalytic activity in melanin formation and is one of the key enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. TRP-2 participates in the synthesis of melanin, which interacts with various proteins and is present in human and animal skin and hair, in addition to the bark of certain plants and insect shells. TRP-1 and TRP-2 are similar to TYR, which also belongs to the TYR gene family, in terms of protein sequences, exhibiting the conserved structure of the TYR family ( 4, 5). TRP-1 and TRP-2 are members of the family of dinuclear copper-binding proteins and contain two highly conserved copper-binding regions ( 1– 3). The tyrosinase (TYR) gene family are derived from a common ancestor, subcategorized into TYR-related protein (TRP)-l and TRP-2 during evolution.

The results may provide novel approaches for developing therapeutic strategies for skin diseases associated with pigmentation disorders.

Therefore, TRP-2 may affect melanin production in sheep, and different expression levels determine coat color. TRP-2 overexpression may regulate melanogenesis and significantly increase melanogenesis associated transcription factor expression in vitro.

TRP-2 expression levels in dark-colored areas were significantly increased compared with light-colored areas in piebald sheep. Results revealed differing TRP-2 levels in sheep of different coat colors and in various parts of the coat with different colors in the same sheep. TRP-2 was overexpressed in melanocytes in order to study the effect of TRP-2 on melanin production. In the present study, a skin transcriptome profile, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate TRP-2 expression in sheep with different coat colors, namely, black, white and black-white. Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) is one of the most important members of the tyrosinase family, and is a key enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis.